Battles+of+Manhattan+&+White+Plains

=**Evacuation on Manhattan and Battle of White Plains**= The battle of White Plains took place in New York State on October 28th 1776. After the Battle of Long Island the British army, commanded by Lt. Gen. William Howe, forced the American army, commanded by Gen. George Washington, off of Manhattan Island. Howe followed Washington slowly out of New York City into the countryside. After Washington abandoned Manhattan Island, he deployed his force in a defensive line in Westchester County, with the northern part at White Plains. White Plains was located 20 miles northeast of New York City. It was a rural and sparsely populated farming community. The terrain consisted of gently rolling hills through which ran the Bronx River Valley. His objective was to escape the encircling grasp of the British while evacuating tons of supplies before they could be captured by the superior British force. The Army's Equiptment

**By: Allie**
Uniforms, arms and equipment: The British wore red coats and headgear of bearskin caps, leather caps or tricorne hats depending on what kind of soldier they were. The British wore red coats and leather crested helmets. The German wore blue coats and retained the Prussian style grenadier mitre with brass front plate. The Americans dressed as best they could. Increasingly as the war progressed regular infantry regiments of the Continental Army wore blue uniform coats but the militia continued in rough clothing. Both sides were armed with muskets and guns. The Pennsylvania regiments carried long, small calibre, rifled weapons. 2)
 * 1)**

** Tricorne- ** a tree cornered hat ** Mitre- ** a type of headgear now known as the traditional, ceremonial head-dress

** Infantry- ** soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. ** Regiment ** - a [|military unit] ** Militia- ** military force composed of ordinary [|citizens] **3)** 

B

**4) []** 5) Washington's forces leave Manhattan after the battle of Harlem Heights. The British move troops up the East River to Long Island Sound and then march overland to White Plains where the armies clash again. They break off pursuit of the Americans and head south to capture their last strong holds, Fort Washington and Fort Lee on the Hudson. Washington and his battered army flee south to Trenton.

**6)**

 7. ** Chatterton's Hill: ** Washington mistakenly left this area unprotected and Howe was able to occupy it during the battle taking the advantage.  **8. Casualties:** British casualties were 313 killed and wounded. The Americans lost about 300 killed, wounded and captured. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin-left: 0.25in;"> ** 9. Winner: ** The Americans were driven back, but were able to leave their White Plain position and march into New Jersey,. The British returned to Manhattan. Generally considered to have been a drawn battle. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin-left: 0.25in;"> ** 10. Important consequence: ** Howe returned to Manhattan and captured Fort Washington. The Americans never regained the fort and this loss started Washington’s retreat to the Delaware River.
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; tab-stops: list .5in;">**Officers in charge:** British General William Howe, brother of Admiral Richard Howe, and commander of land forces. General George Washington, Commander of the Continental Army
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; tab-stops: list .5in;">**Size of armies**-British 13,000 including Hessians, Americans 14,500 (militia from 6 different states) but about 4000 soldiers engaged on both sides
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; tab-stops: list .5in;">**Uniforms, arms and equipment:**  The British wore red coats and headgear of bearskin caps, leather caps or tricorner hats. The German infantry wore blue coats. The Americans dressed as best they could in blue uniforms or rough clothing.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; tab-stops: list .5in;">**Arms and equipment:**  Both sides were armed with muskets and guns.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; tab-stops: list .5in;"> **Site of the Battle**: White Plains was located 20 miles northeast of New York City. It was a rural and sparsely populated farming community with gently rolling hills through which ran the Bronx River Valley.
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; tab-stops: list .5in;"> **Weather:** The battle occurred during stormy weather with heavy rains and wind.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">7) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"> - littell, McDougal. "the americvan revolution." //the early years or the war//. ed. mcdougal littel, 2003. Print. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">By: Allie

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 250%;">﻿ Battle of White Plains <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 250%;">How did it start?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">By: Emme

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> 1.) Article <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Copy and paste at school ( already done it)

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> 2.) Vocab <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Copy and paste at school (already done it)

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> 3.) PICTURES WITH CAPTIONS

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">This is General William Howe. He is a General for the BRITISH!

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">This is General George Washington. He is a General for the Americans!

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">This is where the Battle of White Plains took place. This is the Hidson River.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> 4.) Link to Another Site <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Copy and paste it at school. (already have it)

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> 5.) Primary Source Document

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> 6.) 10 fun facts

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">1.) **Date:** The battle was fought on October 28th of 1776

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">2.) **Battles:** This was the first battle after the Battle of Harlem

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">3.) **British/ What they did:** British general William Howe moved his troops up up the East River to cut off General George Washington communtication with New England

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">4.) **Americans:** General George Washington and 13,00 men fought along with him

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">5.) **British:** General William Howe and 14,500 mean fought along with him

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">6.) **General William Howe:** He was born August 10, 1729. He was the son of Emanuel Howe

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">7.) **General George Washington:** He was born in 1732 into a Virginia planter family

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">8.) **Winner:** No one exactly won the battle becuase it was condidered to be called a drawn battle

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">9.) **Forts/Captured:** The British captured Fort Washington. This a big disadvanatge for the Americans.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">10.) **Americans/ what they did:** On October 23, he left 2,000 of his best soldiers at Fort Washington in northwestern Manhattan and began a march with the remainder of his force northward into Westchester County

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**__ William Howe __** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">By: Katherine <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** Article: ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt;">William Howe was a British general who, in the American Revolution commanded troops at Bunker Hill and took over from the former general, Thomas Gage. He followed his brothers, and after graduating from Eton joined the military like them. He was in several wars and groups prior to the American Revolution, such as the 60th regiment (major) and Cumberland’s Light Dragoons ( lieutenant and captain). In the American Revolution, Howe took over from the former general Thomas Gage and led his troops through many dangers and difficulties, for about 3 years, before writing to England to ask if he could retire. When he was granted permission, he left for England where he no longer fought, but remained active in the military by being the privy counselor and Lieutenant General of Ordnance. Howe died on July 12th, 1814 after a prolonged illness while he was governor of Plymouth. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** 5 Vocabulary Words: ** <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Bunker Hill: the first major battle of the American Revolution <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Eton: a public school for boys founded in 1440 <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Regiment: a unit of ground forces, consisting of two or more battalions or battle groups, a headquarters unit, and certain supporting units <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Lieutenant: commissioned officer ranking between lieutenant junior grade and lieutenant commander <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Privy Counselor: body of persons who advise the sovereign in matters of state, the majority of members being selected by the prime minister <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** Picture: ** See Above

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** Link to Another Site: ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[]

//<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** Primary Source Document: ** // //** “ ** He comes, he Comes, The Hero Comes: // // Sound, Sound your trumpets beat your drums. // // From port to port let cannons roar // // Howe’s welcome to the Western shore.**”** // //** Upon General William Howe’s Approach in 1776, **// ** A Loyalist Penned those Lines ** This poem was written by a colonist who supported the British, and therefore supported William Howe. In his writings, he portrays Howe as a hero, and one that needs to be greatly celebrated. He writes telling people to beat their drums and sound their trumpets as William Howe comes near. He welcomes the hero to “the western shore” and celebrates him.


 * 10 Fun Facts: **

1. William Howe was born on August 10th 1729 2. He was the uncle of King George III (not legally-his Grandmother was the mistress of King George I) 3. He defeated George Washington twice 4. He went to school at Eton 5. His eldest brother died in 1758 6. He was the governor of both the Island of Wight (1768) and Berwick (1795 7. Even after resigning, Howe was still active in the war and war plans for Britain  8. He was blamed by some for failing to win the war  9. He was a privy councilor when he died  10. William Howe died on July 12th 1814, because of a prolonged illness  ** Works Cited: **  Hickman, Kennedy. "American revolution: General William Howe." //Military History//. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Feb 2011.